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    Additional file 2 of Estrogen metabolites in premenopausal women living in China, Mongolia, and the United Kingdom
    (Figshare (United Kingdom), 2026-06-10)
    Lauren C. Houghton
    ;
    ;
    Isabel Dos Santos Silva
    ;
    Roni Falk
    ;
    Michelle L. Lui
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    Additional file 3 of Estrogen metabolites in premenopausal women living in China, Mongolia, and the United Kingdom
    (Figshare (United Kingdom), 2026-06-10)
    Lauren C. Houghton
    ;
    ;
    Isabel Dos Santos Silva
    ;
    Roni Falk
    ;
    Michelle L. Lui
    Supplementary Material 3. Supplemental Table 1. Adjusted least square means for selected metabolites (pg/mL per mg of creatinine).
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    Additional file 3 of Estrogen metabolites in premenopausal women living in China, Mongolia, and the United Kingdom
    (Figshare (United Kingdom), 2026-06-10)
    Lauren C. Houghton
    ;
    ;
    Isabel Dos Santos Silva
    ;
    Roni Falk
    ;
    Michelle L. Lui
    Supplementary Material 3. Supplemental Table 1. Adjusted least square means for selected metabolites (pg/mL per mg of creatinine).
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    Additional file 1 of Estrogen metabolites in premenopausal women living in China, Mongolia, and the United Kingdom
    (Figshare (United Kingdom), 2026-06-10)
    Lauren C. Houghton
    ;
    ;
    Isabel Dos Santos Silva
    ;
    Roni Falk
    ;
    Michelle L. Lui
  • Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    Item type:Publication,
    Additional file 2 of Estrogen metabolites in premenopausal women living in China, Mongolia, and the United Kingdom
    (Figshare (United Kingdom), 2026-06-10)
    Lauren C. Houghton
    ;
    ;
    Isabel Dos Santos Silva
    ;
    Roni Falk
    ;
    Michelle L. Lui
  • Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    Item type:Publication,
    Additional file 1 of Estrogen metabolites in premenopausal women living in China, Mongolia, and the United Kingdom
    (Figshare (United Kingdom), 2026-06-10)
    Lauren C. Houghton
    ;
    ;
    Isabel Dos Santos Silva
    ;
    Roni Falk
    ;
    Michelle L. Lui
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    Influence of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength and exercise capacity in Mongolian schoolchildren: a randomised controlled trial
    (2024-03) ;
    Hemmings, Stephanie
    ;
    Jolliffe, David A
    ;
    Buyanjargal, Uyanga
    ;
    OBJECTIVE: To determine whether weekly oral vitamin D supplementation influences grip strength, explosive leg power, cardiorespiratory fitness or spirometric lung volumes in Mongolian schoolchildren. METHODS: Multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in children aged 6-13 years at baseline attending 18 schools in Ulaanbaatar. The intervention was weekly oral doses of 14,000 IU vitamin D3 (n=4418) or placebo (n=4433) for 3 years. Outcome measures were grip strength, standing long jump distance and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations (determined in all participants), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak, determined in a subset of 632 participants using 20-metre multi-stage shuttle run tests) and spirometric outcomes (determined in a subset of 1,343 participants). RESULTS: 99.8% of participants had serum 25(OH)D concentrations <75 nmol/L at baseline, and mean end-study 25(OH)D concentrations in children randomised to vitamin D vs. placebo were 77.4 vs. 26.7 nmol/L (mean difference 50.7 nmol/L, 95% CI, 49.7 to 51.4). However, vitamin D supplementation did not influence mean grip strength, standing long jump distance, VO2peak, spirometric lung volumes or peak expiratory flow rate, either overall or within sub-groups defined by sex, baseline 25(OH)D concentration <25 vs. ≥25 nmol/L or calcium intake <500 vs. ≥500 mg/day. CONCLUSION: A 3-year course of weekly oral supplementation with 14,000 IU vitamin D3 elevated serum 25(OH)D concentrations in Mongolian schoolchildren with a high baseline prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. However, this intervention did not influence grip strength, explosive leg power, peak oxygen uptake or spirometric lung volumes, either overall or in sub-group analyses.
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    Risk factors for active tuberculosis in 938 QuantiFERON-positive schoolchildren in Mongolia: a community-based cross-sectional study
    (BioMed Central, 2019-06-17) ;
    Polyna Khudyakov
    ;
    Uyanga Buyanjargal
    ;
    Delgerekh Baigal
    ;
    BACKGROUND: There is controversy regarding the relative influence of 'exogenous' versus 'endogenous' factors on the risk of progression from latent tuberculosis infection to active tuberculosis (TB) disease in children. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to identify risk factors for active tuberculosis in QuantiFERON®-TB Gold (QFT-G)-positive children aged 6-13 years attending 18 schools in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Children underwent clinical and radiological screening for active tuberculosis, and data relating to potential risk factors for disease progression were collected by questionnaire and determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations. Risk ratios were calculated using generalized estimating equations with adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: 129/938 (13.8%) QFT-positive children were diagnosed with active tuberculosis. Risk of active tuberculosis was independently associated with household exposure to pulmonary TB (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 2.40, 95% CI 1.74 to 3.30, P < 0.001), month of sampling (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] for March-May vs. June-November 3.31, 95% CI 1.63 to 6.74, P < 0.001; aRR for December-February vs. June-November 2.53, 95% CI 1.23 to 5.19, P = 0.01) and active smoking by the child (aRR 5.23, 95% CI 2.70 to 10.12, P < 0.001). No statistically significant independent association was seen for age, sex, socio-economic factors, presence of a Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) scar, tobacco exposure or vitamin D status. CONCLUSIONS: Household exposure to active TB, winter or spring season and active smoking were independently associated with risk of active tuberculosis in QFT-positive children. Our findings highlight the potentially high yield of screening child household contacts of infectious index cases for active tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries.
    Scopus© Citations 14
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    Dietary Nutrition, Gut Microbiota, and Health Status Across Geographically Diverse Populations in Mongolia: A Cross-Sectional Study
    (2025-07)
    Zhao, Zhixin
    ;
    Zhao, Feiyan
    ;
    ;
    Sun, Zhihong
    ;
    Tserenkhuu, Enkhtsetseg
    Until recently, nomadic nomadism has been the dominant culture in Mongolia. Dietary patterns have evolved to fit this culture and ensure the health of people. This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the key role of dietary nutrition in maintaining the health of the Mongolian population and its impact on gut microbiota. Meanwhile, the correlations between the gut microbiota, dietary nutrition, and health status of the Mongolian population were explored. This study revealed distinct patterns in the dietary structures of urban and nomadic populations. During winter, urban populations consume more fruits, vegetables, and egg products, whereas nomads consume more dairy products. The intake of nutrients such as energy, protein, and carbohydrates, and blood indices such as blood glucose and total cholesterol (TC) of nomadic populations were found to be significantly higher than those of urban residents (p < 0.05), and these nutrients exhibited significant correlations with the blood indices. Furthermore, the influence of both region and season on the gut microbiota of the Mongolian population with regional disparities was greater than that of seasonal variations. In winter, the gut microbiota composition of nomadic populations differed significantly from that of urban populations, as evidenced by a decrease in Bacteroides, Phocaeicola, Phocaeicola vulgatus, Bacteroides uniformis, and Lachnospira eligens and an increase in Firmicutes, Alistipes, Dorea, Ruminococcus torques, and Dorea formicigenerans (p < 0.05). Additionally, lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium sp. were abundant in the gut of the Mongolian population, which present promising opportunities for developing and utilizing unique probiotic resources in Mongolia. The study also found correlations between microbial species and blood indices, as well as nutrients, providing novel evidence to support the complex relationships between gut microbiota, nutrition, and health status in the Mongolian population. Overall, this study revealed significant differences in dietary nutrition, gut microbiota, and health status among geographically diverse populations in Mongolia and contributed to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between gut microbiota, nutrition, and health among Mongolians.
    Scopus© Citations 4