Namdag, Bira

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Prevalence of major noncommunicable diseases and risk factors by region: Findings from the National Screening
(Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, 2025-12-26)
Dangaa, Bayarbold
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Enkh-Amgalan, Enkhtuguldur
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Batjargal, Azjargal
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Yadamsuren, Enkhtur
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Namdag, Bira
Objective: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for the majority of premature deaths. Mongolia faces a particularly high burden of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, contributing to over 80% of total deaths. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of major NCDs and associated risk factors among the adult population of Mongolia by region. Methods: This study utilized large-scale screening data from the mass screening program of adults aged over 18 years. Results: A total of 447,409 adults were included in the analyses. High prevalence of NCD risk factors was observed, including smoking (16.6-19.1%), alcohol use (5.9-11.7%), physical inactivity (76%–80%), and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake (63%–79%). Regional comparison showed that the Northern region had the highest rates of smoking (19.2%), alcohol use (13.4%), and obesity (24.7%) (p<0.001). In contrast, Ulaanbaatar reported notably higher rates of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (82.2%–18.5%) compared to other rural regions (p<0.001). Conclusion: NCD risk factors are common across all regions of Mongolia, with clear differences between them. Notably, the urban population has higher rates of stomach and esophageal inflammation and ulcers, likely linked to lifestyle factors and obesity.
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Establishment of Reference Interval for M2BPGI Glyco-Biomarker in the Serum of Mongolian People
(Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, 2020-12-29)
Uranbaigali Enkhbayar
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Ser-Od Khuyagaa
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Davaalkham Dambadarjaa
;
Bira Namdag
;
Otgonbayar Radnaa
Objectives: Establishment of reference interval for M2BPGI glyco-biomarker in the serum of relatively healthy Mongolian people. Methods: Serum analysis for M2BPGI glyco-biomarker, hepatitis virus markers, and AFP analysis were performed using a fully automated chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. Non-parametric methods were used for establishment of reference interval according to the guideline of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS ver. 20.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL software. Results: Total of 3384 people were involved in this study. Of the total participants, 40% were overweight and 31.3% were obese. Also, of the population 10.1 percent were positive for HBsAg, 17 percent were positive for Anti-HCV, and 1.1 percent had co infection of both HBV and HCV. A total of the 316 individuals met the inclusion criteria for reference interval establishment and 77 (24.4%) of them were men and 239 (75.6%) were women. The reference interval of M2BPGI glyco-biomarker for men was 0.883 ± 0.311C.O.I and for women was 0.951 ± 0.411C.O.I. Conclusion: It is determined that the reference interval for M2BPGI glyco-biomarker in the serum of relatively healthy Mongolian people was 0.936 ± 0.391C.O.I.
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Gut microbiome signatures associated with type 2 diabetes in obesity in Mongolia
(2024)
Shinoda, Akari
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Lkhagvajav, Tsogtbaatar
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Mishima, Riko
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Therdtatha, Phatthanaphong
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Jamiyan, Dugersuren
Mongolian people possess a unique dietary habit characterized by high consumption of meat and dairy products and fewer vegetables, resulting in the highest obesity rate in East Asia. Although obesity is a known cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D), the T2D rate is moderate in this population; this is known as the "Mongolian paradox." Since the gut microbiota plays a key role in energy and metabolic homeostasis as an interface between food and body, we investigated gut microbial factors involved in the prevention of the co-occurrence of T2D with obesity in Mongolians. We compared the gut microbiome and metabolome of Mongolian adults with obesity with T2D (DO: n = 31) or without T2D (NDO: n = 35). Dysbiotic signatures were found in the gut microbiome of the DO group; lower levels of Faecalibacterium and Anaerostipes which are known as short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers and higher levels of Methanobrevibacter, Desulfovibrio, and Solobacterium which are known to be associated with certain diseases. On the other hand, the NDO group exhibited a higher level of fecal SCFA concentration, particularly acetate. This is consistent with the results of the whole shotgun metagenomic analysis, which revealed a higher relative abundance of SCFA biosynthesis-related genes encoded largely by Anaerostipes hadrus in the NDO group. Multiple logistic regression analysis including host demographic parameters indicated that acetate had the highest negative contribution to the onset of T2D. These findings suggest that SCFAs produced by the gut microbial community participate in preventing the development of T2D in obesity in Mongolians.
Scopus© Citations 10

Namdag, Bira

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