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    Pre-Pregnancy BMI and Gestational Weight Gain Have Independent Associations with Birth Weight: A Prospective Cohort Study in Mongolia
    Background: Neonatal birth weight is a key determinant of short- and long-term health outcomes. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are important predictors of birth weight; however, their independent associations remain unclear, particularly in settings where national GWG guidelines are lacking. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among 340 pregnant women in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia in 2022. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG were classified according to World Health Organization criteria and the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine independent associations with neonatal birth weight. Results: The mean maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, and GWG were 30.3 ± 6.0 years, 23.5 ± 4.4 kg/m2, and 14.3 ± 6.2 kg, respectively. Both BMI and GWG were independently associated with neonatal birth weight (p < 0.001), with no significant interaction observed (p = 0.147). Birth weight increased by 29.7 g (95% CI: 18.6-40.8) per 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI and by 31.7 g (95% CI: 24.0-39.4) per 1 kg increase in GWG. Compared with normal BMI, overweight/obesity was associated with higher birth weight, while excessive GWG increased and inadequate GWG decreased birth weight (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG were independently associated with neonatal birth weight, with GWG showing a slightly stronger association. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing maternal weight before and during pregnancy. Countries undergoing rapid nutritional transitions may benefit from developing context-specific GWG guidelines, with Mongolia representing a relevant example.
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    Personalized Surgical Decision-Making in Meniscal Tears: Short-Term Outcomes of Repair vs. Partial Meniscectomy in Mongolian Patients
    (2025-11)
    Zorigtbaatar, Orgil
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    Sosor, Baatarjav
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    Objectives: Arthroscopic meniscal surgery (AMS) is one of the most common orthopedic procedures worldwide, and its prevalence has been steadily increasing. In this study, we aimed to compare the short-term clinical outcomes (STCOs) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) with anxiety and satisfaction in Mongolian patients. Methods: A prospective cohort study involved 103 patients who underwent arthroscopic knee surgery at The National Trauma Orthopedic Research Center and Grandmed Hospital in Mongolia between 2020 and 2023. STCO and PROM were calculated for the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscores, the visual analog scale was assessed for pain (VAS), and Knee Range of Motion (ROM), Measures of Anxiety State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and The Surgical Satisfaction Questionnaire (SSQ-8) were also used. Results: Out of 103 patients (69 for partial meniscectomy and 34 for meniscal repair), KOOSs improved significantly from pre-operative to post-operative levels. The Koos subscores for pain were 57.93 ± 12.58 pre-operatively and 80.93 ± 5.70 post-operatively; Koos subscores for Symptoms (KOOS Sx) were 54.13 ± 12.73, 80.27 ± 6.22; Koos subscores for Activities of Daily Living (KOOS ADL) were 61.28 ± 13.19, 79.61 ± 4.91; Koos subscores for Sports/Recreation (KOOS SR) were 42.28 ± 13.21, 72.04 ± 6.88; and Koos subscores for Quality of Life (KOOS QOL) were 45.08 ± 12.46, 77.85 ± 7.96. On the other hand, the pre-operative and post-operative results of the STAI were not significant (46.03 ± 8.2 vs. 39.59 ± 7.13, p = 0.781). Conclusions: In the present study, we elucidated patient- and injury-specific factors that may guide personalized surgical decision-making in Mongolian patients. Our findings suggest that AMS is a viable option for alleviating pain and enhancing function in the short term for patients with meniscal tears. The high PROMs and satisfaction scores reflect good-to-excellent results, and meniscal repair was associated with better outcome scores. While pre-operative anxiety levels were high, they decreased after surgery, although they did not entirely disappear.