Lkhagvasuren, Battuvshin

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Assessing Mongolian children with cerebral palsy using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
(2025-05-17)
Narantsetseg Tsegmid
;
Delgerjargal Dorjbal
;
Battuvshin Lkhagvasuren
;
Suvdmaa Sain-Uchral
;
Gerelmaa Zagd
The functioning and disability of Mongolian children with cerebral palsy were assessed by applying the World Health Organization's Common Brief ICF-CY Core Set for Children and Youth with Cerebral Palsy. The cross-sectional study involved a consecutive sample of 98 children with spastic cerebral palsy (mean age 6.9 years) and their caregivers. They came from both urban and rural areas of Mongolia. The majority (65%) of the participants were spastic diplegic. Body functions, activities, participation, and interaction with the environment differed depending on the type of cerebral palsy. Brain structure did not differ, however. Regarding environmental factors, there was no significant difference between the types of products and technology used for communication, immediate family relationships, or social attitudes. The environment was the key component negatively impacting the lived experience of children with cerebral palsy in Mongolia. Overall, the findings help to identify unmet needs and can improve interventions for such children in Mongolia to meet international standards.
Scopus© Citations 1
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Psychometric properties of Mongolian versions of the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in young adults
(2026-06-11)
Oyunsuren Jargalsaikhan
;
Enkhnaran Tumurbaatar
;
Tergelsaran Olzvoi
;
Enkh-Uchral Perenleisambuu
;
Enkhzaya Batkhuyag
The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) are standardized self-report tools for screening depressive and anxiety disorders, respectively. While they have been validated in various cultural contexts, their psychometric properties have not been thoroughly evaluated in Mongolia. This study aimed to validate the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 among young adults in Mongolia, ensuring their reliability and efficacy in assessing mental health. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,391 young adults (aged 17-29 years). Tests for internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and validity were performed, including exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Convergent validity and cut-off scores were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Both the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=0.913 and 0.895, respectively) and good test-retest reliability over time (ICC=0.637 for PHQ-9; ICC=0.782 for GAD-7). Factor analyses confirmed their unidimensional structures, explaining 59.1% and 61.5% of variance, respectively. Unidimensional models showed acceptable goodness-of-fit indices, with RMSEA values of 0.051 for PHQ-9 and 0.047 for GAD-7, indicating a close-to-good fit for both models. Strong correlations were observed between PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores with HADS scores (p<0.001), indicating good convergent validity. Observed cut-off scores yielded high sensitivity and specificity in this sample population. The final Mongolian versions of the questionnaires exhibited robust psychometric properties. The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were validated as reliable instruments for screening depression and anxiety among medical students in Mongolia. These findings improve the capacity for early identification and intervention in mental health among this population. However, further research should address limitations related to gender representation and the need for assessment in diverse settings.
Scopus© Citations 1

Lkhagvasuren, Battuvshin

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