Dangaa, Bayarbold

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Prevalence of major noncommunicable diseases and risk factors by region: Findings from the National Screening
(Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, 2025-12-26)
Dangaa, Bayarbold
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Enkh-Amgalan, Enkhtuguldur
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Batjargal, Azjargal
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Yadamsuren, Enkhtur
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Namdag, Bira
Objective: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for the majority of premature deaths. Mongolia faces a particularly high burden of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, contributing to over 80% of total deaths. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of major NCDs and associated risk factors among the adult population of Mongolia by region. Methods: This study utilized large-scale screening data from the mass screening program of adults aged over 18 years. Results: A total of 447,409 adults were included in the analyses. High prevalence of NCD risk factors was observed, including smoking (16.6-19.1%), alcohol use (5.9-11.7%), physical inactivity (76%–80%), and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake (63%–79%). Regional comparison showed that the Northern region had the highest rates of smoking (19.2%), alcohol use (13.4%), and obesity (24.7%) (p<0.001). In contrast, Ulaanbaatar reported notably higher rates of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease (82.2%–18.5%) compared to other rural regions (p<0.001). Conclusion: NCD risk factors are common across all regions of Mongolia, with clear differences between them. Notably, the urban population has higher rates of stomach and esophageal inflammation and ulcers, likely linked to lifestyle factors and obesity.
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Blood Pressure Levels and Triglyceride-Glucose Index: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Nationwide Screening in Mongolia
(2025-09)
Dagvajantsan, Byambasuren
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Enebish, Oyunsuren
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Enkhtugs, Khangai
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Dangaa, Bayarbold
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Gantulga, Munkhtulga
Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has emerged as a reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the association between blood pressure (BP) levels and the TyG index and to assess whether even modest elevations in BP were associated with higher TyG index values. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 120,264 participants who underwent nationwide health screening in Mongolia between 2023 and 2024. BP was categorized into five stages. The TyG index was calculated based on fasting triglyceride and glucose levels. Results: The mean TyG index increased progressively with advancing hypertension stages (p for trend <0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that even elevated BP was independently associated with a higher TyG index (adjusted OR 1.108, 95% CI 1.039-1.183; p = 0.002), with the association strengthening across hypertension stage 1 (adjusted OR 1.238, 95% CI 1.200-1.277), stage 2 (adjusted OR 1.516, 95% CI 1.463-1.572), and hypertensive crisis (adjusted OR 1.575, 95% CI 1.350-1.836) (all p < 0.001). Central obesity further amplified the association between hypertension stage and TyG index levels. Among participants without central obesity, the TyG index increased from 8.086 (95% CI: 8.079-8.093) in the normal BP group to 8.449 (8.362-8.536) in the hypertensive crisis group. Similarly, among those with central obesity, the TyG index rose from 8.345 (8.336-8.354) in the normal group to 8.732 (8.685-8.778) in the hypertensive crisis group. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the TyG index rises consistently with increasing BP stages, even at early elevations, suggesting that insulin resistance may begin at modest blood pressure increases.
Scopus© Citations 2
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Cardiovascular Risk across Glycemic Categories: Insights from a Nationwide Screening in Mongolia, 2022-2023
(MDPI AG, 2024-10)
Batmunkh, Nomuuna
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Enkhtugs, Khangai
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Munkhbat, Khishignemekh
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Davaakhuu, Narantuya
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Enebish, Oyunsuren
(1) Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), a leading cause of death globally. Recent studies have highlighted the role of pre-diabetes, particularly impaired fasting glucose (IFG), in elevating CVD risk even before the onset of diabetes. The objective of this study was to assess cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk across specific glycemic categories, including normoglycemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), newly diagnosed diabetes, and long-standing diabetes, in a large Mongolian population sample. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from a nationwide health screening program in Mongolia between 2022 and 2023, involving 120,266 adults after applying inclusion criteria. The participants were categorized based on fasting plasma glucose levels (NGT): normoglycemia, IFG, newly diagnosed diabetes, and long-standing diabetes. CVD risk was assessed using WHO risk prediction charts, considering factors like age, blood pressure, smoking status, and diabetes status. (3) Results: CVD risk varied significantly with glycemic status. Among those with NGT, 62.9% were at low risk, while 31.2% were at moderate risk. In contrast, the IFG participants had 49.5% at low risk and 39.9% at moderate risk. Newly diagnosed diabetes showed 38.1% at low risk and 43.3% at moderate risk, while long-standing diabetes had 33.7% at low risk and 45.9% at moderate risk. Regression analysis indicated that glycemic status was independently associated with moderate to high CVD risk (OR in IFG: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.09-1.18), even after adjusting for age, gender, and central obesity. (4) Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need for early cardiovascular risk assessment and intervention, even in pre-diabetic stages like IFG.
Scopus© Citations 2

Dangaa, Bayarbold

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