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    Association between MDM2-SNP309 and p53R72P polymorphisms and the risk of bladder cancer in the Mongolian population
    (2017-09) ;
    Wang, Bo-Shen
    ;
    Selenge, Baasansuren
    ;
    Sanjaajamts, Amarsaikhan
    ;
    Ganbat, Batmunkh
    The current study aims to investigate whether MDM2-SNP309 and p53R72P polymorphisms were associated with the risk of bladder cancer in Mongolian populations. These polymorphisms were evaluated in 79 controls and 63 bladder cancer cases using a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay, followed by analysis using multivariate logistic regression model and the Kaplan-Meier model to determine the odds ratio (OR) and age at onset of bladder cancer, respectively. The results revealed that the homozygous (G/G) genotype of MDM2-SNP309 increased the risk of bladder cancer compared to the wild-type (T/T) genotype [OR=1.629; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.622-4.266] among Mongolians. On the other hand, the homozygous (P/P) genotype of p53R72P tended to protect the population from bladder cancer compared with the wild-type (R/R) genotype (OR=0.445; 95% CI=0.1727-2.147). It also showed that G/G genotype of MDM2-SNP309 increased the risk of bladder cancer when combined with the R/R genotype of p53R72P (OR=3.355; 95% CI=0.3914-28.766). Stratification by smoking and history of chronic urinary tract diseases tended towards increasing the risk association of the G/G (OR=2.3704; 95% CI=0.4308-3.044) and T/G genotypes (OR=5; 95% CI=0.8442-30.4088) of MDM2-SNP309 with bladder cancer, respectively. The protective role of P/P of p53R72P remained following stratification. MDM2-SNP309 and p53R72P were not involved in early age onset of bladder cancer in Mongolian patients. Taken together, MDM2-SNP309 and p53R72P had no significant association with bladder cancer in Mongolian patients. The two SNPs were also not able to predict early age at onset of bladder cancer.
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    The Impact of GPC3 rs2267531 Polymorphism on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Susceptibility
    (Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, 2025-03-31) ;
    Yesukhei Enkhbat
    ;
    Odonchimeg Tuvshiunsaikhan
    ;
    Yundendash Dashzeveg
    ;
    Munkhtsetseg Bat-Erdene
    Objectives: To evaluate the association between the GPC3 rs2267531 polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in individuals from Mongolia. Methods: This study included 270 participants, consisting of 110 males and 160 females, with a mean age of 61.0 years (±9.5). Serum samples were collected from all participants, who were categorized into three groups: 90 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 90 individuals in the risk group (RG), and 90 healthy controls. The collected samples were analyzed using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: No significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies were observed between the HCC group and the risk or control groups. However, the frequency of the GPC3 C allele was significantly higher in females in the HCC group. Additionally, the protective GG genotype of GPC3 was found to have a significantly lower frequency in females in the HCC group. In contrast, HCV-positive individuals exhibited a higher frequency of the GC genotype. Conclusion: The GPC3 C allele frequency is associated with HCC in females, while the heterozygote GC genotype is linked to HCV infection in both genders. These findings suggest that the GPC3 rs2267531 polymorphism may play a role in HCC susceptibility, particularly in relation to gender and HCV status.
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    Impact of HLA-A-B-DR Matching in Kidney Transplantation: Graft and Patient Survival During Five Years
    (Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, 2016-06-25)
    Jigjidsuren, Sarantsetseg
    ;
    ;
    Davaajav, Nyamsuren
    ;
    Objectives: A successful outcome of renal transplantation depends on various components, with one primary factor being donor and recipient ABO and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) compatibility. The primary aim of our investigation was to determine the impact of HLA-A-B-DR matching on overall and five-year graft and patient survival and to evaluate and improve kidney transplant outcomes. Methods: A total of 70 adult, immunologically low-risk, first-transplant recipients were enrolled in our retrospective study. HLA-A-B-DR typing was performed by the polymerase chain reaction sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) method. Results: HLA compatibility was carefully matched before transplantation resulting in 81.4% renal transplants with 0-3 HLA mismatches (MM). Overall graft and patient survivals were 52 (74.3%) and 60 (85.7%), respectively, in 70 cases. Five-year graft and patient survivals were 23 (67.6%) and 29 (85.3%), respectively, in 34 cases. A significantly higher rate of graft and patient overall survivals were revealed in the 0-1 MM group compared with those in the 2-3 MM and 4-6 MM groups (p = 0.030 and p = 0.015, respectively). Conclusion: A highly statistically significant correlation of HLA matching enhancing kidney graft and patient survival rates was determined in our analysis. Better HLA matching was associated with better graft and patient survival. Despite the current era of potent immunosuppressive therapy and improved patient management, the data continue support organ sharing based on HLA matching in kidney transplantation.
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    Burden of Chronic Hepatitis D in Mongolia
    (Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, 2020-12-29) ; ;
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    Quantitative Serum HBsAg and M2BPGi Levels in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis D
    (Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, 2016-11-25) ; ; ;
    Uyanga Bayarsaikhan
    ;
    Sumiya Dorj
    Objectives: Quantification of serum HBsAg has several clinical significances such as acting as a biomarker for the hepatitis D virus (HDV)-RNA level and necroinflammatory activity in HDV infection. The WFA+-M2BP is a new glyco-biomarker for liver fibrosis. The aim of this study was to compare the quantitative HBsAg and M2BPGi levels between groups of HBV infected patients with or without HDV infection. Methods: Totally, 112 consecutive HBsAg carriers with or without HDV infection (median age 36 vs 38) were enrolled in the study. Serum HBsAg and M2BPGi levels were measured using commercial tests. Results: Mean qHBsAg concentrations were 3.8 ±0.6 log IU/mL and 3.5 ±0.8 log IU/mL in the HDV positive and HDV negative HBsAg carriers, respectively (p = 0.02). Yet 45 patients out of 56 HDV positive patients have HBsAg level >2000 IU/mL whereas only 33 patients in the HBV mono infected group had concentrations this high. The mean M2BPGi was a 1.2 cut-off index (COI) in the HDV negative group vs. 2.1 COI in the HDV positive group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The qHBsAg level was higher in HDV positive patients compared with HDV negative subjects. But qHBsAg levels were higher in the HBeAg positive subjects despite the presence of HDV infection. The mean M2BPGi value in the HDV positive group was higher than in HDV negative subjects.
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    Measurement of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis D: Comparison of Invasive and Non-Invasive Methods
    (Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, 2019-03-31) ;
    Dorj, Sumiya
    ;
    Jamsranjav, Selenge
    ;
    ;
    Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare non-invasive methods in the detection of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis delta. Methods: Twelve patients with chronic hepatitis delta who visited the Gastroenterology Department at the Intermed Hospital, were studied. Clinical and histological data were evaluated and serum indirect fibrosis markers including AST to ALT ratio, AST-to-Platelet Ratio, Fibrosis-4 index scores were calculated. Serum Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer and liver stiffness measurements were performed in all participants. Results: Histological scoring showed that 16.7%, 41.7% and 41.7% of participants had F2, F3, and F4 stage of liver fibrosis, respectively. All participants were divided into groups; cirrhotic (F4) and non-cirrhotic (F0-F3). The median AST to ALT ratio in cirrhotic vs. noncirrhotic patients was 1.4 vs. 1.1 (p=.67), AST-to-Platelet ratios were 0.7 vs. 1.1 (p=.48), and Fibrosis-4 index scores were 1.8 vs. 1.6 (p=.82) in non-cirrhotic patients. Median Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer levels in the cirrhotic group 1.3 cut-off index vs. 1.4 cut-off index in the non-cirrhotic group (p=.85). The median liver stiffness was 12.6 kPa in cirrhotic patients while 8.1 kPa in non-cirrhotic patients (p=.05). Conclusion: Non-invasive serum markers were less accurate in determining fibrosis in chronic hepatitis delta patients. Liver stiffness measurement was superior to the non-invasive serum markers.
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    Prevalence, characteristics, and virologic correlations of hepatitis delta (D) among patients with hepatitis B surface antigen in Mongolia
    (National Center for Global Health and Medicine (JST), 2024-04) ;
    Rokuhara, Akinori
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    Sugiyama, Masaya
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    Dorj, Sumiya
    ;
    Barsuren, Batnasan
    Clinical and biochemical features of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infections in Mongolia remain largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of HDV patients in Mongolia using several markers. The 143 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients were divided into 122 HDV-positive and 21 HDV-negative patients by HDV RNA positivity. Subgroup analysis was performed between hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and -negative HDV-positive patients. Liver function, quantitative HBsAg (qHBsAg), anti-HDV Immunoglobulin (Ig) M, Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi), hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level, and HDV RNA level were tested. HDV RNA was positive in 85.3% (122/143) of patients showing anti-HDV IgG. Liver disease activity was higher in HDV-positive patients than in HDV-negative patients. The HDV-positive group included a higher proportion of patients with high qHBsAg and M2BPGi levels (p < 0.001). The positivity rate for anti-HDV IgM was significantly higher in the HDV-positive group (p < 0.001). HDV RNA levels showed an inverse correlation with qHBsAg levels in HBeAg-positive-HDV-positive patients (r = -0.49, p = 0.034), and a positive correlation with qHBsAg levels in HBeAg-negative patients (r = 0.35, p < 0.001). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and HDV RNA levels did not show any correlation. M2BPGi levels likewise did not correlate with HDV RNA levels. A high positivity rate for HDV RNA was observed for HBV patients in Mongolia using the highly sensitive HDV RNA assay. The positivity rate for anti-HDV IgM was high in HDV RNA-positive patients. Severity of liver disease and M2BPGi levels were both high in the HDV RNA-positive group.
    Scopus© Citations 2
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    One-year antibody kinetics and effectiveness of a BNT162b2 booster after four primary COVID-19 vaccination regimens in Mongolia
    (2026-09)
    Bazarjav, Purevbat
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    Erdene-Ochir, Tseyenkhorloo
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    Sandagdorj, Ankhbayar
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    Enkhtuvshin, Altansukh
    ;
    Enkhbayar, Purevjargal
    BACKGROUND: Waning immunity after primary COVID-19 vaccination and the widespread use of heterogeneous vaccine platforms have created uncertainty regarding the durability of protection following booster vaccination. Mongolia implemented a mixed-platform vaccination program and deployed BNT162b2 as a booster. We evaluated the immunogenicity, effectiveness, and safety of a BNT162b2 booster following four primary vaccination regimens with 12 months follow-up. METHODS: In this prospective observational study in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, adults (≥18 years) who had completed a homologous two-dose primary series with BBIBP-CorV, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Gam-COVID-Vac, or BNT162b2 received a BNT162b2 booster a median of 189 days (IQR 186-215) after the second dose and were grouped according to their primary vaccination regimen. Humoral immune responses (anti-SARS-CoV-2 N/S1-RBD IgG, S-RBD IgG, and neutralizing antibodies) were measured at baseline and at multiple time points up to 12 months after booster vaccination. Reactogenicity was monitored for 28 days. SARS-CoV-2 infection was ascertained by a positive antigen/lateral-flow test and/or RT-PCR. VE was estimated for prespecified follow-up intervals by comparing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in each boosted group with that in an unvaccinated comparison group. FINDINGS: Among 311 participants (mean age 41.88 years [SD 13.64]; 175 [56.27%] women and 136 [43.73%] men), antibody responses peaked at day 14 and declined through day 365 in all groups. At day 14, total antibody concentrations were highest in BNT + BNT (385.03 U/mL) and lowest in Gam + BNT (341.74 U/mL). S-RBD IgG at day 14 was highest in BNT + BNT (967.0 ng/mL) and lowest in BBIBP+BNT (863.70 ng/mL). Neutralizing antibodies at day 14 were highest in BNT + BNT (368.13 AU/mL) and BBIBP+BNT (336.70 AU/mL). During follow-up, 64 participants acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection and 15 (23.44%) were admitted to hospital. Reactogenicity was predominantly mild-to-moderate, and laboratory parameters were generally within acceptable ranges. Vaccine effectiveness declined from 1 month to 12 months: BBIBP+BNT 90.54% (95% CI 59.71-97.78) to 71.17% (39.66-86.23); ChAd+BNT 84.97% (49.75-95.51) to 52.59% (8.61-75.41); Gam + BNT 89.68% (23.95-98.60) to 63.84% (15.10-84.60); BNT + BNT 91.89% (40.06-98.90) to 72.29% (34.37-88.30). INTERPRETATION: A BNT162b2 booster following diverse primary COVID-19 vaccination regimens induced strong humoral responses that declined over 12 months and showed an acceptable reactogenicity profile. VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection was highest soon after boosting and lower later in follow-up. Although antibody levels and VE showed similar temporal patterns, these findings should be interpreted as complementary outcomes rather than evidence of a direct causal relationship or a formal immunological correlate of protection.
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    Scopus© Citations 21
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    Evaluation of glypican‑3 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
    (2025-01) ;
    Gurbadam, Unenbat
    ;
    ;
    Narmandakh, Nyam-Erdene
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    Khatanbaatar, Gerelee
    Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers occurring worldwide, including Mongolia. Although alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a widely used marker for HCC, conflicting studies have been published regarding its specificity and sensitivity towards HCC. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a different promising biomarker for HCC, and there is some evidence to suggest that this protein may be a more specific marker compared with AFP. GPC3 has been shown to fulfill important roles in cell proliferation and division during embryogenesis, and is rarely found in the tissues of healthy adults. The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of serum GPC3 (sGPC3) and tissue GPC3 in Mongolian patients with HCC. Serum samples from a total of 270 individuals [HCC group, 90 patients; risk group (RG), 90 subjects; and control group, 90 subjects] were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to identify the sGPC3 levels. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of the GPC3 was performed on tissue samples from 50 patients with HCC to evaluate the expression of GPC3. sGPC3 level was found to be significantly increased in the HCC group compared with the RG and the control group, with the area under the curve=0.85 (P<0.001). sGPC3 was found to be significantly associated with hepatitis C virus status and cirrhosis (P<0.05). In addition, the tissue expression of GPC3 was associated with the serum AFP (sAFP) level. Finally, positive staining of GPC3 was observed when the sAFP level of the patient was >20 ng/ml. In conclusion, the results from the present study have supported that GPC3 may be a promising marker for HCC, and can be used as a diagnostic marker alongside AFP.
    Scopus© Citations 8