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Etiologic Spectrum of Optic Disc Edema in Mongolia: Clinical Insights from a Resource Limited Setting
Зохиогч
Narmandakh, Anarsaikhan
Tumurpurev, Altanzul
Bataa, Bat-Erdene
Enkhjargal, Khulgun
Rentsendorj, Dorjpagma
Yostoikhuu, Sunderya
Sedbazar, Enkhtuul
Baljir, Tuvshintugs
Disan, Sainbilig
Он
2025 оны есдүгээр сарын 30
Төрөл
journal article
Хэвлэгч
Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences
Journal
Central Asian Journal of Medical Sciences
Volume
11
Issue
3
Start Page
135
End Page
144
ISSN
2414-9772
2413-8681
Хураангуй
Objective: Optic disc edema (ODE) is a critical clinical sign that often marks the initial manifestation of a vision- or life-threatening systemic disease, depending on its underlying etiology. This first Mongolian observational study defines the demographic characteristics, etiologies, and clinical features of ODE, assessing diagnostic reassessment as a challenge for multiple specialties. Methods: We conducted a 5-year retrospective–prospective observational study with reassessment to evaluate etiologies, clinical features, and visual outcomes. Results: Seventy patients (90 eyes) with optic disc edema were included in the analysis. Demyelinating optic neuritis (36.4%) predominated in younger females, ischemic cases (44.4%) in older patients, and infectious causes (26.9%, syphilis) in males. Inflammatory etiologies were mostly uveitis. Baseline vision was poor, with 20% presenting with profound impairment (Visual acuity (VA)≤20/400). Severe loss (<6/120) was most frequent in demyelinating cases (72.2%). Visual recovery was most significant in demyelinating and inflammatory cases, and minimal in ischemic cases, with initial BCVA being the strongest prognostic factor (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that optic disc edema shows a diverse age-related etiologic spectrum, with demyelinating and ischemic causes predominating, with differing prognoses and a high burden of infectious (mainly syphilis) and uveitis cases. Initial visual acuity was the key prognostic factor, emphasizing the importance of systemic screening and multidisciplinary care.