Khizatkhan, Nursabi
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Товч нэр
Khizatkhan, Nursabi
Бүтэн нэр
Khizatkhan Nursabi
Латин нэр
Khizatkhan Nursabi
Албан тушаал
Судлаач
ORCID
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Item type:Publication, Oral Pigmentation in Children: A Narrative Review and Practical Diagnostic Framework(Cureus, Inc., 2026-09-01); ; ; ; Oral pigmentation in childhood ranges from common constitutional variants to less frequent reactive, local, medication-related, vascular, genetic, endocrine, and neoplastic disorders.Overlapping clinical appearances can create diagnostic uncertainty, especially when adult-oriented approaches are applied to children.This narrative review presents a pediatric-focused framework for initial evaluation based on five domains: onset and evolution; focal, multifocal, or diffuse distribution; color and surface morphology; blanching or compressibility; and medication, dental, family, environmental, and systemic clues.Longstanding, symmetric, diffuse brown pigmentation without symptoms usually favors constitutional melanin pigmentation.Multifocal lentigines with gastrointestinal, endocrine, skeletal, or family-history findings should prompt targeted evaluation for an underlying syndrome.Blue-gray lesions adjacent to a restoration or trauma site suggest exogenous pigment, whereas red-blue compressible lesions raise concern for a vascular process and should not undergo blind biopsy.Oral melanoacanthoma is an important benign mimic because it may enlarge rapidly and appear clinically alarming.New or changing focal lesions, particularly those showing nodularity, ulceration, spontaneous bleeding, marked asymmetry, irregular borders, color variegation, or diagnostic uncertainty, warrant prompt specialist assessment and histopathologic evaluation when indicated.Pediatric evidence remains limited and consists largely of observational studies, case reports or series, and extrapolation from adult literature; accordingly, the proposed pathway is an evidenceinformed clinical aid rather than a validated prediction rule.A structured history-first approach can support appropriate reassurance, targeted referral, and timely biopsy while minimizing unnecessary intervention for convincingly benign pigmentation. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, DAST-28 severity and injection-related harm risks among people using psychoactive substances in psychiatric and correctional settings in Mongolia: a multicenter cross-sectional study(Elsevier BV, 2026-12); ; ; ; Mandakh, MunkhnaranINTRODUCTION: Evidence on drug-related problem severity and injection-related harm among people using psychoactive substances in Mongolia is limited, particularly in institutional settings. We examined DAST-28 scores, internal consistency, and behavioral correlates in psychiatric and correctional settings. METHODS: This multicenter cross-sectional study included 181 participants recruited from the National Center for Mental Health and correctional facilities. The continuous DAST-28 total score was the primary outcome. Internal consistency was evaluated from 28 item responses. A clinically specified seven-covariate linear model with HC3 heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors was primary; ordinal and study-defined DAST-28 ≥ 12 models were supportive analyses. RESULTS: DAST-28 scores were available for 179 participants (median 11.0, interquartile range 6.0-16.0). Among 170 participants with complete item responses, Cronbach's alpha was 0.882 (95% bootstrap confidence interval 0.854-0.902). In the primary model, correctional setting was associated with a 1.82-point lower score (95% CI -3.36 to -0.28), whereas each additional year of use (B = 0.27, 95% CI 0.08-0.45), polysubstance use (B = 2.64, 95% CI 0.79-4.50), and any syringe use (B = 4.43, 95% CI 2.58-6.28) were associated with higher scores. Ordinal and threshold analyses were concordant; variance inflation factors ranged from 1.05 to 1.59. CONCLUSIONS: Greater DAST-28 scores were associated with polysubstance use, syringe use, and longer use duration in these institutional samples. The findings may inform comprehensive assessment and harm-reduction linkage but do not establish a diagnostic cutoff, causal relationship, intervention effectiveness, or population prevalence.